GEnERAL AnTI-CRISIS MEASuRES According to analysis by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), anti-crisis measures have tended to cover three lines of action (OECD 2009b): • stimulation of demand (consumption packages, infrastructure programmes, tax policies) • credit enhancement measures, including recapitalisation of banks, which, in some cases, included explicit provisions or mechanisms for preserving or enhancing banks’ capacity for financing SMEs (such as public credit guarantees), and • labour-market measures (reduced employment taxes or social security charges and extended temporary unemployment programmes