Diamond “type” is a concept that is frequently mentioned in the gemological literature, but its relevance
to the practicing gemologist is rarely discussed. Diamonds are broadly divided into two
types (I and II) based on the presence or absence of nitrogen impurities, and further subdivided
according to the arrangement of nitrogen atoms (isolated or aggregated) and the occurrence of
boron impurities. Diamond type is directly related to color and the lattice defects that are modified
by treatments to change color. Knowledge of type allows gemologists to better evaluate if a
diamond might be treated or synthetic, and whether it should be sent to a laboratory for testing.
Scientists determine type using expensive FTIR instruments, but many simple gemological tools
(e.g., a microscope, spectroscope, UV lamp) can give strong indications of diamond type.
Diamond “type” is a concept that is frequently mentioned in the gemological literature, but its relevanceto the practicing gemologist is rarely discussed. Diamonds are broadly divided into twotypes (I and II) based on the presence or absence of nitrogen impurities, and further subdividedaccording to the arrangement of nitrogen atoms (isolated or aggregated) and the occurrence ofboron impurities. Diamond type is directly related to color and the lattice defects that are modifiedby treatments to change color. Knowledge of type allows gemologists to better evaluate if adiamond might be treated or synthetic, and whether it should be sent to a laboratory for testing.Scientists determine type using expensive FTIR instruments, but many simple gemological tools(e.g., a microscope, spectroscope, UV lamp) can give strong indications of diamond type.
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