Data analysis
Common decoding errors arising in the course of listening to the news videotexts were the
focus of analysis, with the data revealing a range of information on the preferences learners’
opted for from the input. This data analysis firstly involved identifying comprehension
breakdowns (no response, partial response, or incorrect response potentially due to issues
with either decoding or meaning building or both) for each of a total of 70 clauses in the
news videotexts. Examining breakdowns at the level of the clause was chosen as listeners