Risk Factors
Persons with asthma, allergies, or mastocytosis are at increased risk for anaphylactic shock. Those with a history of anaphylaxis are at risk for recurrence. In children and adolescents, anaphylactic shock that results in death is most often triggered by food allergies, most commonly peanuts. Poor asthma control also increases the risk of fatal anaphylaxis in
children with food allergies. Fatal anaphylaxis in middle-aged and older adults is most commonly caused by medications, insect stings, or substances (e.g., I.V. radiocontrast, fluorescent dyes) used in diagnostic tests. Cofactors that may amplify anaphylaxis include exercise, fever, acute infection, premenstrual status, and emotional stress.