Introduction
Iron is a silver grey metal with an atomic number of 26. Iron is primarily found as bivalent iron (II), known as ferrous, and trivalent iron (III), known as ferric. Bivalent and trivalent iron react differently and have different properties. In soils, iron is typically found in the trivalent form. When in a soil saturated with water, it is converted to the bivalent form and is capable of being absorbed by plants.
Iron reacts with water, air, and dilute acids. Iron will not dissolve in pure water or dry air. When both water and oxygen are present, iron oxidizes, precipitates out of solution and forms rust as shown in reaction
4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O 4Fe3+ + 12OH- 4Fe(OH)3 or FeO(OH) + 4H2O
Rust is a red-brown color precipitate. In the presence of dilute acids, iron will also dissolve. This contributes to water contamination because iron present in solution is more mobile.
The four main types of iron are ferrous (clear water) iron, ferric (red water) iron, iron bacteria and organic iron. Ferrous iron is the iron most commonly found in drinking water from wells and aquifers. Water containing ferrous iron is clear; however, if it sits for a period time the ferrous iron will precipitate out of the solution due to the oxygen present. Ferric iron is insoluble in water and is noticeably a red brown color when exposed to the atmosphere. Iron bacteria naturally occur in soil and are also found in plumbing, where they form a slimy red-brown substance within the water. They are non-pathogenic and most commonly found under the toilet tank. Finally, organic iron combines with other natural occurring metals and forms large complexes. It is typically found in shallow drinking wells.
Humans can have negative health effects from ingesting too much or too little iron. If drinking water contains a concentration of 3 milligrams per liter (mg/L, also known as parts per million or ppm) or more, it will exhibit rust color, an odor and leave residue on clothes and food; however, this concentration is not harmful to health.
High concentrations of iron in these organs can cause major damage. Typically this only occurs when people ingest water with iron concentrations above 200 mg/L. Iron can cause toxic effects if more than 200 mg is ingested and becomes lethal at doses of 10-50 grams. Also, inhaling iron dust may lead to lung disease.
There are few activities that increase the risk of exposure to high iron levels. Populations around areas of mining have an increased risk. The work from mining these areas can cause iron to enter the soil, potentially contaminating the ground water and rivers.
LOEI province is ubiquitous of iron-rich ores in environments, which the mining of iron-rich ores has caused the degradation of many river ecosystems, such as Loei river. The iron contaminate in Loei river has been effecting the every day life of population.
Therefor, we are study of methodology to decreased concentration of iron in water and Loei river, which the study iron absorption efficiency by plants and enhancement absorption efficiency of plants by using electrostatic.
The aims of this work to study of enhancement iron absorption efficiency of จอก and ผักตบชวา by using electrostatic, comparison iron absorption efficiency of both plant.
.
Introduction
Iron is a silver grey metal with an atomic number of 26. Iron is primarily found as bivalent iron (II), known as ferrous, and trivalent iron (III), known as ferric. Bivalent and trivalent iron react differently and have different properties. In soils, iron is typically found in the trivalent form. When in a soil saturated with water, it is converted to the bivalent form and is capable of being absorbed by plants.
Iron reacts with water, air, and dilute acids. Iron will not dissolve in pure water or dry air. When both water and oxygen are present, iron oxidizes, precipitates out of solution and forms rust as shown in reaction
4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O 4Fe3+ + 12OH- 4Fe(OH)3 or FeO(OH) + 4H2O
Rust is a red-brown color precipitate. In the presence of dilute acids, iron will also dissolve. This contributes to water contamination because iron present in solution is more mobile.
The four main types of iron are ferrous (clear water) iron, ferric (red water) iron, iron bacteria and organic iron. Ferrous iron is the iron most commonly found in drinking water from wells and aquifers. Water containing ferrous iron is clear; however, if it sits for a period time the ferrous iron will precipitate out of the solution due to the oxygen present. Ferric iron is insoluble in water and is noticeably a red brown color when exposed to the atmosphere. Iron bacteria naturally occur in soil and are also found in plumbing, where they form a slimy red-brown substance within the water. They are non-pathogenic and most commonly found under the toilet tank. Finally, organic iron combines with other natural occurring metals and forms large complexes. It is typically found in shallow drinking wells.
Humans can have negative health effects from ingesting too much or too little iron. If drinking water contains a concentration of 3 milligrams per liter (mg/L, also known as parts per million or ppm) or more, it will exhibit rust color, an odor and leave residue on clothes and food; however, this concentration is not harmful to health.
High concentrations of iron in these organs can cause major damage. Typically this only occurs when people ingest water with iron concentrations above 200 mg/L. Iron can cause toxic effects if more than 200 mg is ingested and becomes lethal at doses of 10-50 grams. Also, inhaling iron dust may lead to lung disease.
There are few activities that increase the risk of exposure to high iron levels. Populations around areas of mining have an increased risk. The work from mining these areas can cause iron to enter the soil, potentially contaminating the ground water and rivers.
LOEI province is ubiquitous of iron-rich ores in environments, which the mining of iron-rich ores has caused the degradation of many river ecosystems, such as Loei river. The iron contaminate in Loei river has been effecting the every day life of population.
Therefor, we are study of methodology to decreased concentration of iron in water and Loei river, which the study iron absorption efficiency by plants and enhancement absorption efficiency of plants by using electrostatic.
The aims of this work to study of enhancement iron absorption efficiency of จอก and ผักตบชวา by using electrostatic, comparison iron absorption efficiency of both plant.
.
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