In the first two chapters, we discussed the structure of molecules each of which is an
aggregate of atoms in a distinct three-dimensional (3D) arrangement held together
by bonds with energies on the order of 50–100 kcal mol1 (200–400 kJ mol1).
There are also very weak attractive forces between molecules, on the order of a
few tenths of a kilocalorie per mole. These forces, called van der Waals forces,
are caused by electrostatic attractions, such as those between dipole and dipole,
induced dipole, and induced dipole, and are responsible for liquefaction of gases
at sufficiently low temperatures. The bonding discussed in this chapter has energies
of the order of 2–10 kcal mol1 (9–40 kJ mol1), intermediate between the two
extremes, and produces clusters of molecules. We will also discuss compounds in
which portions of molecules are held together without any attractive forces at all.
In the first two chapters, we discussed the structure of molecules each of which is anaggregate of atoms in a distinct three-dimensional (3D) arrangement held togetherby bonds with energies on the order of 50–100 kcal mol1 (200–400 kJ mol1).There are also very weak attractive forces between molecules, on the order of afew tenths of a kilocalorie per mole. These forces, called van der Waals forces,are caused by electrostatic attractions, such as those between dipole and dipole,induced dipole, and induced dipole, and are responsible for liquefaction of gasesat sufficiently low temperatures. The bonding discussed in this chapter has energiesof the order of 2–10 kcal mol1 (9–40 kJ mol1), intermediate between the twoextremes, and produces clusters of molecules. We will also discuss compounds inwhich portions of molecules are held together without any attractive forces at all.
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