• Seasonal variations appear to affect the VFCWs performance.
Lower effluent concentrations were observed during spring and
summer months (higher temperatures), especially for OM and
nitrogen constituents. However, the operational regime of these
systems, which includes a wastewater flooding of the bed surface
for two days followed by resting periods, moderates this effect
compared to other CW types.
• VFCW systems are capable of treating high organic loads
up to 200 g COD/m2 d, with simultaneous removal of
140–195 g COD/m2 d. The choice of the appropriate feeding
regime is essential: 2 days of feeding followed by 4 days of
resting proved to be adequate for OM decomposition at a load
of 125 g COD/m2 d. If the bed is designed for nitrogen removal or
for higher organic loads, the resting period should be extended
up to 8 days, so as to restore aerobic conditions within the bed.
• Seasonal variations appear to affect the VFCWs performance.Lower effluent concentrations were observed during spring andsummer months (higher temperatures), especially for OM andnitrogen constituents. However, the operational regime of thesesystems, which includes a wastewater flooding of the bed surfacefor two days followed by resting periods, moderates this effectcompared to other CW types.• VFCW systems are capable of treating high organic loadsup to 200 g COD/m2 d, with simultaneous removal of140–195 g COD/m2 d. The choice of the appropriate feedingregime is essential: 2 days of feeding followed by 4 days ofresting proved to be adequate for OM decomposition at a loadof 125 g COD/m2 d. If the bed is designed for nitrogen removal orfor higher organic loads, the resting period should be extendedup to 8 days, so as to restore aerobic conditions within the bed.
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