Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammationoccurs in response to diverse sources of air pollution andacross different species. Reports from small human studiesof post mortem brain tissue from individuals residing inhighly polluted Mexico City, when compared to individualsliving in less polluted regions, support that neuroinflammation and microglial activation are elevated with ambient outdoor air pollution exposure [72, 89–91]. The elevated neuroinflammation associated with human residence in Mexico City was also confirmed in feral dogs from Mexico City