MWs deliver an effect generated by the electromagnetic interaction with reaction materials often resulting in thermal enhancement that produces superior results in chemical synthesis. MWs are capable of providing instant process
heat resulting from three major mechanisms in a reaction environment. Ionic conduction, dipolar momentum and interfacial polarization (a combination of ionic conduction and dipolar momentum) are the major causes for this rapid heating. US are the acoustic cavitations generated by interaction of the sound waves with the reaction compounds resulting in intense mixing which increases the mass and heat transfer among the reaction mixtures leading to higher process efficiency.