But it is also a remainder that partisan and ideological differences that characterize contemporary politics have consequences for policy making (Bond and Fleisher 2000). Nevertheless, government and the political process have proven not only capable of policymaking on complex issues but also able to design innovative policies that fully meet the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. In fact, most of the time, policymaking involves action that falls between gridlock and innovation. The norm in U.S. politics is incremental policymaking, especially for relatively noncontroversial policies.