For static contact angle measurements, 8- L water drops were placed on the fabric surface and still images were recorded. To measure the advancing and receding contact angles, a perpendicular syringe needle was maintained in contact with the
water drop and the substrate was slowly moved horizontally. The change of droplet shape due to the shift of the substrate was recorded by the video camera at a speed of 30 frames per second. At the instant when the drop was about to move, the contact angles at the advancing and receding contact lines were taken as the advancing and receding contact angles, respectively [25,26]. Washing fastness or durability was evaluated in reference to standard test method for fabric coating (AATCC Test Method 61-2006 test No. 2A). This standard wash procedure is equivalent to five cycles of home machine launderings. For convenience, we use the equivalent number of home machine launderings in this paper.