EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.01. Study Purpose and Approach ....................................................................................... 1
1.02. Scope of Services ............................................................................................................ 2
2.0 ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CONDITIONS .............................................................................. 3
2.01. Summary of the Campus Environment ........................................................................ 3
2.02. Parking Supply and Demand ...................................................................................... 10
2.02.1 Current Campus Parking Supply ............................................................................. 11
2.02.2 Current Campus Parking Demand ......................................................................... 13
2.02.3 Current Campus Parking Adequacy ..................................................................... 14
2.03. Parking Operations and Management – Strengths and Weaknesses ................. 15
2.03.1 General Parking Operations and Management ................................................. 15
2.03.2 Parking User Allocations ........................................................................................... 18
2.03.3 Parking Technologies and Lot Access ................................................................... 20
2.03.4 Parking Signage and Wayfinding ........................................................................... 23
2.03.5 Parking Permit Issuance ............................................................................................ 24
2.03.6 Parking Rates, Fees, and Fines ................................................................................ 26
2.03.7 Parking Enforcement ................................................................................................ 28
2.03.8 Parking Safety and Security ..................................................................................... 30
2.03.9 Parking Marketing and Communications ............................................................. 32
2.04. Transportation Demand Management – Strengths and Weaknesses ................. 33
3.0 FUTURE PARKING CONDITIONS ............................................................................................ 36
3.01. Preliminary Future Parking Supply and Demand Projections ................................. 36
4.0 PARKING AND TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT ALTERNATIVES .................................. 40
4.01. Parking and Transportation Guiding Principles ......................................................... 40
4.02. Allocation and Basic Operation of Campus Parking .............................................. 45
4.02.1 Faculty and Staff Allocations ................................................................................... 48
4.02.2 Commuter Student Allocations ............................................................................... 52
4.02.3 Resident Student Allocations ................................................................................... 55
Michigan Technological University – Campus Transportation and Parking Plan iii
4.02.4 Campus Visitor and Special Event Allocations .................................................... 56
4.02.5 Options for Reducing Parking-Related Vehicle Traffic ....................................... 61
4.02.6 Parking Supply Alternatives to Meet Future Needs ............................................. 61
4.03 Parking Signage and Wayfinding ............................................................................... 65
4.04 Parking Operations and Management ..................................................................... 65
4.04.1 Unification of Campus Parking Management ..................................................... 66
4.04.2 Parking Permit Issuance and Control ..................................................................... 67
4.04.3 Parking Enforcement ................................................................................................ 69
4.04.4 Parking Lot Safety and Security .............................................................................. 77
4.04.5 Parking System Financial Issues ............................................................................... 78
4.05 Transportation Improvement Alternatives ................................................................. 81
4.05.1 Campus Shuttle Options .......................................................................................... 81
4.05.2 Bicycle and Pedestrian Connections to Campus ............................................... 83
4.05.3 Trans