Professional networks and direct e-mails were used to distribute the survey to potentialrespondents who were actively involved in PM in the three countries. Clearly, it is notpossible to claim that the samples were randomly selected but the main concern was toattract responses from those who were active in PM and regarded themselvesas “professionals” in this regard. A link to a URL where the questionnaire could becompleted was provided and recipients were asked to base their responses on theirmost recently concluded project even if that project had been curtailed or abandoned.A hard copy of the survey was also available and was mailed upon request. Anyinformation generated by the transmission process that would allow respondents to beidentified was discarded upon receipt; all responses have been treated as anonymous.It was decided in advance that 50 responses from each of the three countries wouldbe used in the data analysis and that attempts to obtain responses would continue until50 responses from each country that were comparable in terms of scale and type ofproject to the responses to the original survey had been obtained. This process tookapproximately three months