Modulated calorimetric measurements were taken by a Q2000
calorimeter (TA-Instruments Crawley, UK), equipped with a
refrigerated cooling system (RCS 90). The enthalpy and temperature were calibrated using indium (Tonset ¼ 155.74 C and
DH ¼ 28.69 J/g). The measurements were taken in the batters
without adding distilled water (water content from 30.45 g/100 g to
31.21 g/100 g). High volume DSC pans (100 mL) (TA-Instruments)
were used. The samples were heated from 25 to 200 C, then cooled
from 200 to 25 C and heated again from 25 to 200 C at 2 C/min.
The period of the modulation was 100 s and the amplitude of
modulation was 0.5 C. An empty pan was employed as the reference and dry nitrogen was used as the purge gas at a flow rate of
50 mL/min. The enthalpy was expressed in J/g of sample. The
measurements were taken twice for each formulation.