We analyzed a large-scale and expert survey conducted over 20 years by the SFO (Société Française d’Orchidophilie, French Orchid Society) to investigate the dynamics of 134 orchid taxa (of which 126 species) found in France, Belgium and Luxembourg (Bournérias et al., 1998; Bournérias and Prat, 2005). The three coun- tries we investigated encompass broad ecological and climatic gra- dients, including continental, alpine, Atlantic and Mediterranean bioclimatic contexts, which are affected in different ways by ongo- ing environmental changes. This study aimed to evaluate recent trends (disappearance/appearance/range change) in the distribu- tion of orchid species in Western Europe, related to environmental changes and species’ ecology. Firstly, we examined the general