Under the pressures of energy security and GHG emission commitment, China has initiated a
number of measures and strategies to facilitate the identification of optimal energy structures in most
Chinese cities. Due to spatial and economic diversities, it is normally unreasonable to put forward the
same target of reducing energy consumption for all of the cities. Investigation and analysis of the
spatial variance in energy consumptions across the entire country are thus necessary to facilitate the
restructure energy systems in many cities in order to improve energy security, reduce energy induced
air pollution and GHG emission. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate and
analyze the spatial characteristics of energy consumption patterns (i.e., quantity, efficiency and
structure) in Chinese cities of certain scale. The provincial capital cities are highly urbanized and
economic mostly important in China and they are often viewed as cities that set trends for popular life
style and consumption patterns, as well as for new technology and policies. Additionally, these cities
also take the lead in the implementation of key policy measures in urban energy [1].Therefore, the 30
provincial capital cities of mainland China were selected as case cities and the spatial variance derived
from these case cities is to be discussed with the support of GIS tools and Theil index. Thus, a better
understanding of the observed spatial variation and distribution in urban energy consumptions in China
will be provided, which could be helpful in facilitating reorganization and management of energy
management systems across China [5].