the kutipunan used the vernacular of Manila and surrounding provinces as its offical language. Consequently, Tagalog came to be associated with nationalism and the literature that was to be written in it in the years to come would play up the nationalist cause. Katipunan supremo Andres Bonifacio (1863-1896) and Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899) use tagalog to advantage as a tool for organizing the masses. 1 refers bake to Flores' "hibik" and Del Pilar's "sagot" and builds on the situation implied in the two earlier poems wherein a daughter in desperate straits calls on her mother for succor. Bonifacio's poem, aiming to establish once and for all the break from reformism, makes the daughter speak our in renunciation of the "negligent and perfidious" mother.