Discussion
Our rarefaction curves and observed species richness
were very close to the mean estimated richness; thus, we
are confident our bird inventories were nearly complete.
Therefore, all bird species that could not be found may
reasonably be classified as locally extinct. The exception
was Mantanani (Fig. 2), where we did not reach sampling
saturation, but this is irrelevant because we observed all
previously recorded species. The percentages of species
of forest birds that have disappeared ranged from 0% to
100% across all islands (Table 1). Past studies in Southeast
Asia also reported bird extinctions likely caused by deforestation
or forest isolation (Sodhi et al. 2006a, 2006b;
Trainor 2007). Moreover, plants, arthropods, fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, and mammals also have been reported
to succumb to forest disturbance in the region (Brook et
al. 2003; Sodhi et al. 2008b, 2010b). Results from studies
in other regions also show avifaunal extinctions that are
likely due to forest disturbance or isolation (e.g., Kattan
et al. 1994; Robinson 1999; Ford et al. 2009; Sigel et al.
2010).
Discussion
Our rarefaction curves and observed species richness
were very close to the mean estimated richness; thus, we
are confident our bird inventories were nearly complete.
Therefore, all bird species that could not be found may
reasonably be classified as locally extinct. The exception
was Mantanani (Fig. 2), where we did not reach sampling
saturation, but this is irrelevant because we observed all
previously recorded species. The percentages of species
of forest birds that have disappeared ranged from 0% to
100% across all islands (Table 1). Past studies in Southeast
Asia also reported bird extinctions likely caused by deforestation
or forest isolation (Sodhi et al. 2006a, 2006b;
Trainor 2007). Moreover, plants, arthropods, fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, and mammals also have been reported
to succumb to forest disturbance in the region (Brook et
al. 2003; Sodhi et al. 2008b, 2010b). Results from studies
in other regions also show avifaunal extinctions that are
likely due to forest disturbance or isolation (e.g., Kattan
et al. 1994; Robinson 1999; Ford et al. 2009; Sigel et al.
2010).
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