”There is a danger that citizenship will be perceived as just another big load on schools,” says Anne Lloyd, from the Luton LEA, “but if they do the planning, and carry out an audit to see what they are doing already, that can be quite reassuring. Also, citizenship focuses on many of the issues that teachers have regretted were being squeezed out of the national curriculum: these guidelines give them permission to spend time on these things, and to be involved with their pupils’ personal development.”