Fat, protein and dry matter content of 29 whole milk samples are summarised in Table 2. Unfortunately, one HTST milk sample was fat-reduced and contained only 1.6% fat. Therefore, this sample was not considered for inclusion in Table 2. On average, 25 of the samples had 3.55% fat (3.45– 3.65%), 3.36% protein (3.22-3.48%) and 12.55% dry matter (12.28–12.76%). Two samples contained more than 4% fat and are listed separately. The wide range of fat and dry matter content of directly heated milk was attributed to two samples. These samples showed a high fat content (3.80% and 3.90%), as well as a high protein and dry matter content (13.15% and 13.03%). Obviously, less water was added to these samples during steam injection or infusion than was removed during subsequent vacuum cooling.