After summing the Likert-scaled items, each domain is standardized ranging from 0 (lowest level of functioning) to 100 (highest level) according to international standard guidelines. 26,27
The NDI consists of 10 questions measured on a 6-point scale (0 = no disability, 5 = full disability). 28 The numeric score for each item is summed for a score varying from 0 to 50, where higher
scores reflect greater disability. The NDI has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid assessment of disability in neck pain. 29,30 A recent systematic review has found that most studies investigating reliability of the NDI reported intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) from 0.50 to 0.98, suggesting that the NDI has sufficient usefulness and is the most commonly used self-report measure for neck pain symptoms. 31
The BDI-II is a 21-item self-report measure assessing affective, cognitive, and somatic symptoms of depression. 32 Patients choose from a group of sentences that best describes how they have
After summing the Likert-scaled items, each domain is standardized ranging from 0 (lowest level of functioning) to 100 (highest level) according to international standard guidelines. 26,27The NDI consists of 10 questions measured on a 6-point scale (0 = no disability, 5 = full disability). 28 The numeric score for each item is summed for a score varying from 0 to 50, where higherscores reflect greater disability. The NDI has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid assessment of disability in neck pain. 29,30 A recent systematic review has found that most studies investigating reliability of the NDI reported intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) from 0.50 to 0.98, suggesting that the NDI has sufficient usefulness and is the most commonly used self-report measure for neck pain symptoms. 31The BDI-II is a 21-item self-report measure assessing affective, cognitive, and somatic symptoms of depression. 32 Patients choose from a group of sentences that best describes how they have
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