Managing the individual and collective
impacts of these drivers of landscape change, together with the
complex patterns of forest cover that result from them, represents
a significant challenge for conservation planning and natural resource
management, particularly when multiple land tenures are
involved (e.g. McAlpine et al., 2007; Spies et al., 2007). Addressing
this challenge requires well developed and appropriately implemented
multi-scaled conservation plans with relevant supporting
institutional arrangements and capacities. Few such plans have
been developed and implemented worldwide, especially where
the tenure of the forest spans public land and private land with
many different uses.