In addition, there are more than 900,000
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Adaptation to heart failure
hospitalizations in the USA each year because of HF (Rhodes & Bowles 2002). The European Society of Cardiology (ESC), representing countries with a total population of over 900 million, suggests that there are at least 10 million patients with HF in those countries. Half of patients with a diagnosis of HF will die within 4 years, and more than 50% of those with severe HF will die within 1 year (ESC Guideline 2005).