Malone (1995) has demonstrated the accuracy and practicality of Kivestu’s (1976) approach and developed additional efficient approximation methods, well suited to the analysis of dynamic airfield queues. Fan and Odoni (2002) provide a description of the application of Kivestu’s (1976) model to a study of the gridlock conditions that prevailed at LaGuardia Airport in 2000 and early 2001.