View of the Individual The managerial approach to public administration promotes an impersonal view of individuals. This is true whether the individualsin question are the em- ployees, clients, or the "victims 16 of public ad ministrative agencies. One neednot go so far as Max Weber in considering "dehumanization to be the "special virtue" of bureaucracy or to view the bureaucrat as a co in an organiza tional machine over which he/she has virtually no control 17 Yet there can be no doubt that a strong tendency of scientific management was to turn the individual worker into an append- age to a mechanized means of production. By 1920, this view of the employee was clearly embodied in the principles of position classification in the public sector: "The individual characteristics of an employee occupying a position should have no bearing on the classifi cation of the position 18 Indeed, the strong positionorientation" of the managerial ap proach to public administration continues to diminish the importance of the individual employees to the overall organization. Clients, too, have been "depersonalized" and turned into "cases" in an effort to promote the managerial values of efficiency, economy, and effectiveness.