CE 1⁄4 Fbes qDC 1⁄4 FqDCOD
ð1Þ
Zt
EE1⁄40 ð2Þ
PIdt DHns
where F is Faraday’s constant (96485 C/mol-electrons), bes is the number (4) of electrons transferred by 1 mol oxygen. Ms is the molecular weight of oxygen (O2), DH (J/mol) is the heat of combus- tion and ns is the amount (mol) of substrate provided. The energy