Parainfluenza is a paramyxovirus for which four species (PIV-1,
-2, -3 and -4) are described. PIV-1 and PIV-2 show a
pronounced seasonality in the autumn, whereas PIV-3 is more
frequently detected in spring. Incidence of PIV infection in SOT
recipients varies between 3.4% and 20% of all CARV infections
[9,21,22]. While clinical manifestations of PIV infection in SOT
recipients are not different to those seen in other CARV
infections, some severe cases of PIV disease have been
described, especially in children [24]. A recent study showed
a higher incidence of hospitalization in lung transplant recipients
with PIV infection (50%) as compared with infection with
other CARVs (16.9%)