(9) The effectiveness of the treatment depends not only on the properties of the adsorbent and adsorbate, but also on various environmental conditions and variables used for the adsorption process, e.g. pH, ionic strength, temperature, existence of competing organic or inorganic compounds in solution, initial adsorbate/adsorbent concentration, contact time and speed of rotation, particle size of adsorbent, etc. These parameters should also be taken into account while examining the potential of low-cost adsorbents.
(10) The development in the field of adsorption process using lowcost adsorbents essentially requires further investigation of testing these materials with real industrial effluents.
(11) Last but not the least, environmentally safe disposal of pollutants-laden adsorbents is another important topic of concern which should not be overlooked.