4.3. Population structure at Bangkulu Island
The goal of this study was to determine the level of population
structure at very small-scale levels in P. kauderni. Our data suggest
that P. kauderni exhibit strong population structure at the scale of the
entire Archipelago, as indicated by the high level of self-reassigned
individuals. Yet, the precise nature of this structure needs to be
evaluated using larger sample sizes. At the finer scale of the island of
Bangkulu, very strong structure was also observed. Classical population
structure measurements (FST, Nm) were indicative of very low
dispersal at a scale of a few kilometers at Bangkulu, with less than 5
migrants per generation between most populations (Table 2). In
addition, the positive result of an isolation by distance analysis (Fig. 2),
and the high level of self-reassignment, or of reassignment to adjacent
populations that are only separated by a few hundred meters or a few
kilometers at the most, is also consistent with an extreme degree of
philopatry at a very small scale level.