In 1972, two researchers working at MIT, Seymour Papert and Cynthia
Solomon, published “21 Things to Do with a Computer”—a visionary
paper that foresaw the coding-for-children movement, the maker
movement, and most of the creative uses of educational technologies
that we see today. What enabled them to see so far into the future? They
assumed that the most interesting use of technology in education would
not be electronic teachers, or the machine teaching the child. Papert and
Solomon envisioned the child as teacher of the machine. In other words,
they tried to imagine what would happen if children could use computers
to express ideas, construct things, and create inventions, as opposed to
simply using technology to receive pre-packaged information. More
recently, Papert’s collaborators, such as Andy diSessa, contradicted another
well-established conception, stating that computer programming is not
simply a job skill, but a foundational literacy for everyone to learn. In
the same way that we don’t teach music in schools for students to become
professional violinists, or English for students to get jobs in journalism,
we should not teach programming for children to get programming jobs:
we should do so for them to acquire a new way of thinking and seeing
the world. It should be done because we want them to be producers of
01
technology and not mere consumers. Coding is the kind of skill that you
cannot “unlearn”—once you discover it, the way you see the world will
never be the same. And that is why we should care so much about teaching
programming and computational literacy to all: not as a job skill, but as a
thinking skill.
In 1972, two researchers working at MIT, Seymour Papert and CynthiaSolomon, published “21 Things to Do with a Computer”—a visionarypaper that foresaw the coding-for-children movement, the makermovement, and most of the creative uses of educational technologiesthat we see today. What enabled them to see so far into the future? Theyassumed that the most interesting use of technology in education wouldnot be electronic teachers, or the machine teaching the child. Papert andSolomon envisioned the child as teacher of the machine. In other words,they tried to imagine what would happen if children could use computersto express ideas, construct things, and create inventions, as opposed tosimply using technology to receive pre-packaged information. Morerecently, Papert’s collaborators, such as Andy diSessa, contradicted anotherwell-established conception, stating that computer programming is notsimply a job skill, but a foundational literacy for everyone to learn. Inthe same way that we don’t teach music in schools for students to becomeprofessional violinists, or English for students to get jobs in journalism,we should not teach programming for children to get programming jobs:we should do so for them to acquire a new way of thinking and seeingthe world. It should be done because we want them to be producers of01technology and not mere consumers. Coding is the kind of skill that youcannot “unlearn”—once you discover it, the way you see the world willnever be the same. And that is why we should care so much about teachingprogramming and computational literacy to all: not as a job skill, but as athinking skill.
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