Term The Economic Problem Definition: Another term for scarcity, which is the pervasive condition of human existence that exists because society has unlimited wants and needs, but limited resources used for their satisfaction. In other words, while we all want a bunch of stuff, we can't have everything that we want (see free lunch). In slightly different words, this scarcity problem means: (1) that there's never enough resources to produce everything that everyone would like produced; (2) that some people will have to do without some of the stuff that they want or need; (3) that doing one thing, producing one good, performing one activity, forces society to give up something else; and (4) that the same resources can not be used to produce two different goods at the same time. We live in a big, bad world of scarcity. This big, bad world of scarcity is what the study of economics is all about. That's why we usually subtitle scarcity: THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM.
Some of these growth models are Harrod-Domar model, neoclassical growth models of Solo and Swan, Cambridge growth models of Kaldor and Joan Robinson etc. This part of economic problem is studied in the economies of development.
Thus an economy has to solve a number of problems. But the basic cause behind all these problems is resource scarcity.