The minimum and maximum values were the same in all four competencies—one and five,
respectively. In addition, the results supported the variables as normally distributed based on the degrees
of skewedness and kurtosis because both were less than the absolute value of one. The rule of thumb was
also applied to test the normal distribution of the data because the sample size was larger than 200
participants (Field, 2009). With a large sample, it is more important to visually assess the distribution
shape than to test the statistical significance of skewedness and kurtosis (Field, 2009).