Parental substance abuse engenders stress within children and may lead to physical and/or mental health issues as well as behavioral problems, delinquency, aggression,and attention problems (Calhoun, Conner,Miller,& Messina, 2015). As these symptoms are considered to be general, and could be symptoms of many issues and dysfunctions, Kumpfer and Johnson (2010) advised health care providers to not rush to the conclusion that they are due to parental substance abuse, although it is important to pay attention to such symptoms, as these are warning signs of an underlying problem.