History-taking forms the cornerstone of evaluation.3e5 Information
obtained from history can be supplemented using a bladder
diary, which records information regarding time and volume of
each voiding, output, incontinence and episodes of urgency
(Figure 3). However, the extent of incomplete bladder emptying
cannot be predicted from the history or clinical examination, and
it is important to estimate the post-void residual urine using
ultrasonography or catheterization.6 In patients known to be at
risk of upper tract disease, ultrasonography should be performed
periodically.
History-taking forms the cornerstone of evaluation.3e5 Informationobtained from history can be supplemented using a bladderdiary, which records information regarding time and volume ofeach voiding, output, incontinence and episodes of urgency(Figure 3). However, the extent of incomplete bladder emptyingcannot be predicted from the history or clinical examination, andit is important to estimate the post-void residual urine usingultrasonography or catheterization.6 In patients known to be atrisk of upper tract disease, ultrasonography should be performedperiodically.
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