The system development starts with the design
architecture of the proposed system. The block diagram of
this system is as shown in Figure-2. The components for
this project have been classified based on the components
group consists of input, output and controller. Sensors are
used to control the desired system parameters. Next, the
sensors will transfer the gathered information into the
controller which runs the software in order to analyse the
system. Meanwhile, the purpose of the microcontroller is
to gather the data from the street light and transfer it as the
output of the system.
Two types of sensor used in this system which are
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and Passive Infrared
(PIR) sensor. LDR sensor is an electronic component that
has a variable resistance that changes with the light
intensity fall upon it. The resistance will drop with
increasing incident light intensity. In other words, when
there is dark, it has high electrical resistance yet when
there is light, it has low electrical resistance. Normally,
LDR often used in sensing circuit [7].
In the meantime, PIR sensor is a passive
electronic device that detects motion by sensing infrared
fluctuations. It is made up of crystalline material which
generates surface electric charge when exposing to heat in
the form of infrared [8]. PIR sensor allowed to sense
motion, either vehicle or human in or out of the sensor
range. This sensor is quite small, inexpensive, easy to use,
low power and easy to interface with. Figure-4 and Figure-
5 show the diagram of LDR sensor and PIR sensor
respectively.