Bioimmobilization is the process of immobilizing
biomolecules onto sensor surface to provide the biospecificity
to the biosensor. Biospecificty is the property of
the biorecognition membrane of the biotransducer that
is conferred by the purposeful use of a bioactive receptor.
The major purpose of bioimmobilization is to confer
the molecular recognition and specificity inherent to the
bioactive receptor to the biotransducer in a manner that
maximizes the sensitivity of the physicochemical transducer
that lies beneath. Amongst the various bioimmobilization
approaches are:
• adsorption (physical, chemical and electrostatic),
• adsorption followed by covalent cross-linking,
• covalent tethering, and
• entrapment (physical or covalent) within host matrices
(e. g. polymers, polymeric hydrogels and sol-gels).
Regardless of the specific linking chemistry and substrate