administration and management underlying contemporary government HRM reforms: traditional public administration; public management, including an important recent development, new public management; and responsive governance. In some measure, they are chronological, yet they overlap in both historical time and substance. The last of the three—responsive governance—is not so much a historical model as an emergent set of trends. Its inclusion reflects a potential convergence of thinking, based on significant developments in practice and new challenges. Table 1 highlights some of the unique characteristics of each one of the three models.