2. Pollen germination in vitro Dehisced anthers containing pollen were collected at
19:00 from open flowers. Due to the difficulty in isolating pollen from the anthers, the pollen and anthers
were kept together on weighing paper. The pollen was separated from the anthers with a brush, and the grains that adhered to the brush were placed on the germination media. The media were placed in a petri dish, in which a few drops of water were loaded to prevent them from drying, and they were incubated at room temperature (≈27°C) for at least 12 h. After incubation, the germinated pollen grains were counted with a hand-held tally counter under a light microscope, and the germination rate was calculated. When the length of the pollen tube was greater than the diameter of the pollen, the pollen was regarded as germinated. Three replications were performed for experiments 2.2, and four replications for experiment