1. Preview the content in different
forms.
2. Rehearse the pronunciation of
potential content words.
3. Establishing the purpose for
listening.
4. Practice perception regularly.
5. Take short notes of important content
words.
6. Check current comprehension with
context of the message and prior
knowledge.
7. Continue to listen for clarification in
spite of difficulty.
8. Evaluate comprehension using
contexts, prior knowledge and
external resources.
9. Determine potential value of
subsequent parts of input.
10. Listen selectively according to
purpose.
11. Listen for gist.
12. Determine the potential value of
subsequent parts and vary intensity
of attention accordingly.
13. Memorize words or phrases for later
processing.
14. Pay attention to discourse markers,
visuals and body language, tones and
pauses.