1. Physical layer: this layer deals with the hardware level
2. Data Link Layer:provides a reliable synchronization and transfer of information across the physical layer for accessing the transmission medium.
3. Internet or Network Layer: Packages data into IP datagrams, which contain source and destination address information that is used to forward the datagrams between hosts and across networks
4. Transport Layer: Provides communication session management between host computers. Defines the level of service and status of the connection used when transporting data
5. Application Layer: Defines application protocols and how host programs interface with transport layer services to use the network