and promoted liver X receptor (LXR)–mediated transcriptional reprogramming to improve cholesterol efflux
and exert anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo, this cyclodextrin-mediated LXR agonism was required for the antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects of cyclodextrin as well as for augmented reverse cholesterol transport. Because cyclodextrin treatment in humans is safe and cyclodextrin beneficially affects key mechanisms of atherogenesis, it may therefore be used clinically to prevent or treat human atherosclerosis.