A PPROXIMATELY, 60% of the cultivated land in the Mesopotamian plain in Iraq is seriously affected by salinity 20–30% has been abandoned in the past 4000 years . Because of soil salinity, yield of crops, especially, wheat of nonabandoned has declined by 20–50% by 1950s . But the severity and distribution of soil salinity varies with space and time. In order to prioritize any remediation effort and better plan for agricultural improvements and food security, it is of prime importance for Iraqi central and local governments to understand the distribution and severity of salinity in Mesopotamia. Soil salinity is a common form of land degradation in irrigated areas located in dryland environments. physical appearance of salinity is strongly influenced by soil properties (e.g., moisture, texture, mineral composition, and surface roughness) as well as type of vegetation cover (e.g.,halophyte and nonhalophyte, salt-tolerant and nonsalt-tolerant). Remote sensing has been widely applied for mapping and assessment of soil salinity in recent decades using vegetation indices (VIs) and combined spectral response index (COSRI)