Almost all teachers (fifteen) mentioned that a teacher should
possess pedagogical-educational competences in order to teach CE. A
variety of examples were given by the teachers. Pedagogicaleducational
competences refer to teachers' capability to: interact
with students and adapt to their level of interest and age;
encourage students' reflection; be flexible and adapt one's lessons
to the needs of students and to encourage critical thinking; use
appropriate teaching and pedagogical skills to involve society and
civic related topics in one's teaching. A secondary biology teacher
commented: “Teaching civics is not possible without this kind of
professionalism, because professionalism in teaching CE is about
being capable of using teaching skills and tools and to know what
your educational and pedagogical goal is”.