Inadequate governance and lack of awareness regarding the problems coral reefs are faced with can be observed in many developing countries (Burke et al., 2011).
Thus, mechanisms for implementing governance and increasing public awareness including environmental policies and regulations for effective marine conservation are required.
One of the best ways of protecting coral reefs is by establishing marine protected areas (MPAs).
At present, approximately 27% of all reefs around the world are located inside marine protected areas; however, only 6% are inside effectively managed MPAs (Côté and Reynolds, 2006; Burke et al.,2011).
Unsuccessful MPAs may be attributed to a lack of staff and resources, poor enforcement, absence of community involvement,and missing political commitment from governments.
If these issues are addressed, MPAs can become effective tools for coral conservation and management.
The effectiveness of MPAs can also be enhanced by asking local stakeholders to become more involved in the planning processes, including participating in resource monitoring and ownership.