The results in this study are quite different from those of earlier studies. Earlier studies have found computer technology used primarily to deliver instruction (e.g., drill-and-practice and tutorials), to deliver presentations, for word processing of papers, or for searching the Internet (Becker, 2000; Cuban, Kirkpatrick, & Peck, 200i). Similarly, these studies did not find a change in teaching practices of the teachers, One reason for the difference may have been the lack of or limited teacher training. Based on the research results, one might conclude that the training focused more on how to utilize the computer rather than on how to integrate the technology. These studies reported primarily low-level uses of the technology that focused on strategies to enhance recall. In contrast, the training in the present study focused on higher-level integration of the technology that emphasized the development of problem-solving and critical thinking skills. The observation data suggest that teachers implemented these higher-level integration strategies into their classroom teaching in laptop, laptop cart, and computer-enhanced classrooms.