The first major case study, a study of the emerging Tennessee Valley Authority entitled TVA and the Grass Roots (1949), was undertaken by Philip Selznick in the mid-1940s. Selznick was particularly concerned with the grassroots policy of the and state agencies as an approach to democratic planning. However, in the course of his discussion, Selznick outlined an open-system or institutional approach to organizational analysis. This approach was also the basis for a later work on the organizational statesman entitled Leadership in Administration (1957).