Pullman, Washington, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Placental and fetal tissues were cultured routinely, with isolates identified as Brucella spp. on the basis of colonial morphology and Gram staining (small translucent colonies and Gram-negative coccobacilli), positive Koster staining, and a posi- tive urease test within 30 min. Confirmation of canine brucel- losis occurring within the kennel prompted submission of sera from all 33 dogs to the PDS laboratory for serological testing by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA): 20 dogs were positive for anti-Brucella IgG, with fluorescence detected at titers of 1:100. Of these, 8 female and 5 male dogs were submitted to PDS for blood-culture, euthanasia, and postmortem examination.