Behavioural learning theories assume that learning takes place as the result of
responses to external events. Psychologists who subscribe to this viewpoint do not focus
on internal thought processes. Instead, they approach the mind as a ‘black box’ and
emphasize the observable aspects of behaviour, as depicted in Figure 3.1. The observable
aspects consist of things that go into the box (the stimuli, or events perceived from the
outside world) and things that come out of the box (the responses, or reactions to these
stimuli)