services rendered. He will collect various taxes and royalties, and feel justified in keeping a portion for himself as long as a requisite or reasonable amount is remitted to the state. Van Roy noted some more modernized and tern-educated Thai officials had started to apply western norms and to label certain exchanges of money and privilege as corrupt, but concluded that this criticism as peripheral a that such exchanges were deep-rooted in Thai traditional culture Corruption persists, Van Roy concluded, because political institutions which can supersede traditional practices are slow to develop. He went on to argue that such traditionally derived practices had a positive functional effect within the context of the rapid pace of change experienced by Thai society. He thus concluded that substantial documentation supports the functionalist premise corruption maintains systemic stab and continuity by making behavioral boundaries congruent with a well-established morality apan Nakata also saw patron-client relations as one of the major causes of corruption. His findings further showed that the problem of bureaucratic corruption involves incongruities between the legal codes based on western models, and traditional social norms which tolerate corruption 12 Clark Neher 13 developed this approach more full Following Hanks, he started from the premise that acceptance of a hierarchical order is the basis of patron-client relationships and The patron-client structure the central pillar of political culture exists and continues to exist because everyone concerned sees it as a good structure which brings benefits in terms of stability order and the resolution of potentially destabilizing conflicts. The patron-client relationship continues to be important because institutions which bridge between the people and the state (parliaments, political parties) are still weak. The patron-client relationship connects the officials to the people and is the most organized system to allocate social gains and interests. The patron-client relationship flourishes in a society where there is no equality in property, status and power. Little people must find a patron and offer respect, gifts and services in order to ensure favour and security. Big people try to build up their clientele in