Charging user fees. User fees are already fairly common, for services such as garbage collection and parking. However, in some cases public services that benefit affluent individuals, such as golf courses and tennis courts, are subsidized by all taxpayers. A simple and fair alternative is to charge user fees to those who benefit from a service. User fees are appropriate as long as the services provided are private goods, not collective goods, which benefit society at large, such as police services. In addition, special arrangements may be necessary to ensure lower-income people have access to services.